Dielectric behavior pertains to the polarization of cement-based materials, in which the positive and negative charge centers are separated. Recent work on the dielectric behavior of common Portland cement-based materials in a low frequency regime were carried out, including the dependence of dielectric behavior on microstructures, hydration process, loadings, etc. This review represented the results of dielectric behavior of common Portland cement-based materials over the past decade and introduced the dielectric measurement method and the dependence of polarization on aggregates, water cement ratio, stress/strain, and temperature. It is indicated that some movable ions in pore solution dominate the dielectric behavior, in which the electric dipoles are in series. Aggregates and admixtures affect dielectric behavior due to relevant changes in microstructures. Heating and compression strengthen the dielectric behavior, while cooling and tension weaken the dielectric behavior. In addition, some related future research aspects were also prospected.