Protein absorption happens firstly when biological materials contact environment of organisms. The competitive adsorption behavior of different protein and the impact of biomaterial surfaces characteristics on protein adsorption are summarized. Materials with small surface free energy, high hydrophility, and a negative charge, or with the presence of micro-phase separation structure are able to reduce fibrinogen adsorption, showing good anti-clotting properties. FTIR, CD, NMR and FL are applied in protein adsorption analysis. XPS, Raman, AFM and other modern instruments have also emerged in this area. QCM appears to be more intuitive in the study of protein adsorption mechanism. The development of study on protein adsorption would guide the design of biomedical materials.