In this study, the extinction characteristics of the soot agglomerated particles have been analyzed to study their influence on the quantum satellite communication performance. Furthermore, the relations among the transmission distance, particle number concentration, link attenuation, amplitude damping channel capacity, entanglement fidelity, and channel bit error rate are established and simulated by combining the particle mass concentration conversion formula. According to the simulation results, the concentration of the soot agglomerated particles increases from 2.22×10 ¹² to 1.11×10 ¹³ m ^-3 and link attenuation increases from 0.40 to 2.47 dB when the transmission distance is 2 km. Additionally, the amplitude damping channel capacity and entanglement fidelity exhibit varying degrees of decline, whereas the channel bit error rate increases from 0.0056 to 0.0067. The soot agglomerated particles considerably influence the quantum satellite communication performance. Therefore, the quantum communication system parameters should be appropriately adjusted to the soot environment in case of quantum satellite communication, which may cause different influences, to improve the stability during the information transmission process.