Aiming at the probe of atmospheric supercooled cloud distribution, an airborne polarization coaxial micro-pulse lidar in near-infrared wavelength is developed. The system utilizes a 1550 nm wavelengthlaser as exciting light to reduce the extinction effect of small-scale aerosol particles in the cloud, hence improving greatly the detection range and the efficiency of large-scale cloudy particles. The phase state of cloud particle is discriminated by particle depolarization ratio, and the cloudy moisture content is obtained by the proposed lidar retrieval algorithm. Then, combining the airborne temperature data and the tropospheric characteristics, the spatial distribution of supercooled cloud can be retrieved. Based on the standard atmospheric model and the cloud particle spectra from the airborne insitu instruments, the detection performance of the polarization lidar with the different wavelengths in two kinds of tropospheric clouds is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the detection range is about 1.1 km for the lower cloud, whereas the range is up to 1.5 km for the upper cloud.