Under the action of compressive load, the wooden structure will cause insufficient bearing capacity and internal damage. However, there are few methods for non-destructive health monitoring of the wood structures.In this paper, the feasibility of damage monitoring of timber under axial and local pressure was studied based on the piezoceramic sensor. The piezoelectric sensors were mounted on the surface of the timber, by using the active sensing method of stress wave; one sensor was used as the signal transmitter and the other as the signal receiver; when the timber structure was damaged, the detected stress wave decreased correspondingly. Based on the attenuation of the stress wave, the wavelet packet energy method can be used to convert it into damage indicators to monitor structural damage.The results show that the amplitude of the piezoelectric signal has a strong correlation with the degree of wood damage, and the wood non-destructive monitoring method has good feasibility.