According to current problem that the time-varying systematic error of image geometric positioning is difficult to be compensated, an algorithm based on Fourier series model is proposed to achieve the on ground compensation of time-varying systematic error. The digital orthophoto map/digital elevation model reference data of geometric calibration field is used for accuracy verification. The data of Yaogan-26 satellite launched in December 2014 is analyzed, the results show that, this designed on ground compensation model of time-varying systematic error can effectively improve the image geometric accuracy under no ground control points, and the image geometric positioning accuracy after compensation can be increased about 40%.