We develop and build a new type of inspection car. A beam that is not rigidly connected to the train axle boxes and can absorb the vibration and impact caused by the high speed train is used, and a laser-camera measurement system based on the machine vision method is adopted. This method projects structural light onto the track and measures gauge and longitudinal irregularity. The measurement principle and model are discussed. Through numerous practical experiments, the rebuilt car is found to considerably eliminate the measurement errors caused by vibration and impact, thereby increasing measurement stability under high speeds. This new kind of inspection cars have been used in several Chinese administration bureaus.