The discotic liquid crystal is composed of a rigid aromatic core in the center and a number of flexible side chains linked externally. It is very easy for the disc-disc stacking to form a one-dimensional ordered columnar structure under the π-π interaction, which is beneficial to the carrier transport inside the column, and the discotic liquid crystal can be expected to become an excellent semiconductor material in the future. Discotic liquid crystals are classified into ordered columnar, columnar plastic crystal and columnar spiral phases according to the order within the column. Among them, the columnar spiral phase has higher carrier mobility. Research on the design of the molecular structure, liquid crystal and photoelectric properties that can form helical phase discotic liquid crystal is of great significance to the development of new organic optoelectronic semiconductor materials.