The interaction between solar radiance and aerosol shows polarization. Using the technique of polarization remote sensing shows advantages rather than the traditional method in studying microphysical parameter of aerosol. Firstly, the importance of calibration and the method were introduced. Then the working principle and feature of the instrument for polarization remote sensing were discussed. After that, the technique of onboard calibration for polarization remote sensing was discussed in detail. And its feature was analyzed and summarized. Finally, the trend in development of polarization remote sensing instrument and its onboard calibration was predicted.