Indoor visible light positioning (VIP) is a research hotspot in the field of indoor positioning. In recent years, more and more artificial intelligence methods are used to optimize and improve the positioning accuracy and efficiency of VIP. In order to show the latest research progress of VIP intelligent optimization methods, the relevant concepts and application scenarios of VIP are first summarized, and VIP applications under three scenarios of severe electromagnetic, high capacity of hot spots and blocked wireless signal transmission are introduced in detail. The adaptability of VIP positioning methods is compared with that of traditional indoor positioning (IP). In this paper, the VIP intelligent optimization methods proposed in recent years are reviewed in detail. Finally, the general problems and challenges in this field are summarized.