Anti-scattering imaging is always a challenging problem in the field of optical imaging. For decades, researchers have conducted extensive and in-depth research on this issue and developed a variety of methods and technologies. Scattering media are ubiquitous in the imaging process, which makes the application of scattering imaging technology very extensive. In the medical field, scattering imaging is used to reduce the influence of scattering characteristics of biological structures and tissues on medical image acquisition. In the field of ocean and water detection, scattering imaging is used to solve the problem of optical imaging quality degradation caused by a large number of scattering impurities in water. In the field of military and environmental observation, the elimination of scattering factors such as water mist and smoke in the environment is very important; even in the field of astronomy and remote sensing observation, how to detect the weak light signal scattered through the atmosphere to achieve imaging also belongs to the application of scattering imaging. It is not difficult to imagine that the development of scattering imaging technology will continue to promote progress in many fields.First, starting from the basic principle of scattering, the physical process and key parameters of scattering are introduced, including the causes of scattering, photon characteristics, and the differences in scattering types caused by different particles. Because the light wave undergoes multiple scattering, the wave-front is distorted, and the light no longer propagates in a straight line, losing the target information originally carried by the light, which makes it extremely difficult to obtain effective target information or form a clear image. Therefore, the research of scattering imaging technology mainly focuses on how to recover the target in the scattering scene. This paper introduces the theoretical framework of computational optics to analyze the scattering imaging technology. The computational optical imaging framework includes the analysis of the action process of three imaging system modules, such as light input, medium propagation, and light field output. It is a calculation and optimization study of the entire imaging process of the system. From the perspective of computational optics, the functions of each module in the scattering imaging system are classified, and the existing anti-scattering imaging technologies are divided into six categories for detailed introduction: ballistic light extraction technology, speckle correlation imaging, photon counting imaging, scattering compensation technology, computational optical imaging technology and deep learning technology. Among them, ballistic light extraction technology is the earliest research direction, and then the use of optical information has gradually deepened, speckle correlation imaging, and photon counting imaging have entered people 's field of vision. With the development of optical components, the scattering compensation technology based on spatial light modulator has also attracted people 's attention. In recent years, computational ghost imaging technology has become a new research focus due to its unique imaging mechanism, and has promoted the progress of anti-scattering imaging technology together with deep learning technology. Divided by different module optimization calculations, it can correspond to four types of scattering imaging techniques: ballistic light extraction method, speckle correlation imaging method and photon counting imaging corresponding output detection module optimization. The scattering compensation method is based on optimizing the intermediate control process. The computational ghost imaging method encodes the illumination and combines the bucket detector, and the data-driven deep learning method.One of the significant advantages of computational optics theory is that it can clearly reveal the interaction between imaging results and scattering media. This provides a high-dimensional analysis framework for analyzing and dealing with specific problems in anti-scattering imaging. These studies not only open up a new path for imaging exploration in complex scattering environment, but also overcome the limitations of traditional imaging technology through comprehensive application of technology, and promote the development of this field to a higher imaging effect and application breadth. The content of this paper aims to help researchers understand the principles and latest progress of various anti-scattering imaging technologies, and clarify the characteristics and application scenarios of different technologies, so as to promote the further development of anti-scattering imaging technologies.