Coherent Raman scattering is extensively used in various fields, such as biomedical tissue imaging and pharmacokinetics, because of its significant advantages, including non-invasive detection, label-free operation, and chemical specificity. Further, we introduce the implementation and characteristics of the fiber laser sources for coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy, and review the most recent advances in improving the output power, tuning range, and spectral resolution based on the dual-color synchronized ultrashort pulses via supercontinuum generation, soliton self-frequency shift, and four-wave mixing. Additionally, the latest advances in four-wave-mixing-based fiber optical parametric oscillators are introduced. Subsequently, the temporally synchronized, spatially overlapped, and wavelength-tunable dual-color ultrashort pulses are obtained based on dispersion filtering and polarization manipulation using the polarization-maintaining fiber and the photonic crystal fiber. Furthermore, the generated laser pulses can be used to achieve non-invasive as well as label-free spectroscopic detection and microscopic imaging for lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid, which could provide an effective methodology to realize compact, user-friendly, and environmentally stable coherent Raman scattering imaging.