An optimization algorithm combining limiting acceleration inertia feedback and an extended state observer was implemented in the closed-loop control loop to ensure the stability of the airborne laser communication platform to transient step response and optimize the platform’s ability to suppress various order disturbances in the loop. Considering the system disturbance response as the breakthrough perspective, the conventional acceleration inertia feedback algorithm was explained, and the I/O characteristics and disturbance suppression ability of the algorithm were studied. Problems were found in the practical application as indicated. Limiting algorithms and reduced-order extended state observer were individually incorporated to improve conventional acceleration inertia feedback algorithms by step. The performance analysis and character analysis of the improvement process were studied. The proposed optimization algorithm was verified by simulation processes and physical experiments. The experimental results show that when the platform steps at a speed of 70 (°)/s, the step overshoot of improved control loop is approximately 50% that of the proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) control loop. Compared to the stable accuracy of the PID control loop [198 μrad (root mean square (RMS)], when the platform performed spatial disturbance isolation of 5 (°)/Hz, the dynamic stability accuracy of the improved platform for beacon light improves to 14.28 μrad (RMS). Further, the disturbance isolation of the improved control loop has an optimized performance of 11.42 dB.