Study of the chemical compositions and fired technologies of ancient colored glaze of Qing dynasty official kiln is very poor. Chemical compositions and elemental mappings of Au glaze bowl of Qing dynasty are studied by micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results show that Cu,Fe,Mn, Au are the mainly colored elements and Pb is a kind of solvent. Moreover, the red glaze of bowl is a kind of high temperature glaze, but the golden, light yellow and green glazes are the kind of low temperature glazes. The elemental mappings show that the eyes of goldfish are painted by colored pigment mixed by Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, the whole body of goldfish is painted by a kind of pigment mixed by Pb and Fe, but the scales of goldfish are painted by colored pigment mixed by Au and Pb. Furthermore, the grades of purity of different colored pigments are very high and no other metallic elements except that the colored elements are detected in our experiment. This can be regarded as the reference to authenticating the genuineness of the color pigments of Qing dynasty.