The force transferring between fiber and matrix is closely related to the interfacial bonding properties of fiber-resin during the loading process of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. However, its bonding properties are degraded by the diffusion of chloride ions in the pore solution of seawater sea-sand concrete into the interfacial zone of fiber-resin. In this paper, a micro-debonding device was independently designed and combined with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique to track the degradation process of basalt/glass fiber-resin bonding property during the corrosion in chloride solution for 28 d. The results show that the bonding property between glass fiber and resin is better than that of basalt fiber. The interface bonding force of basalt/glass fibers is decreased by 73.9% and 71.8% after the corrosion of 28 d in NaCl solution. Matrix cracking and fiber pulling out are the main failure modes during the pull-out process. The formation of the hydrogen bond is dominated due to the bonding mode between resin and fiber matrix. However, the number of hydrogen bond atoms is reduced by the interaction between the chloride ions and the atoms at the matrix interface, thus accelerating the debonding between the fiber and resin.