The quantitative analysis of spectral domain optical coherence tomography was researched to acquiring interior information of biological tissues.The single-scattering model, confocal single-scattering model and multiple-scattering model were presented and discussed. An average A-scan algorithm and a nonlinear curve-fitting method were employed to explore the scattering features of IntralipidTM. Experiments show that the relation of scattering coefficients and concentrations is linear in concentrations from 1% to 10% of IntralipidTM.Fourthermore,it confirm that the confocal single-scattering model is suitable to our spectral domain optical coherence tomography. In addition, the confocal model was used to study fresh rat liver with a scattering coefficient λ0 of 8.9 mm-1 at 1 550 nm. Obtained results demonstrate that the quantitative spectral domain optical coherence tomography can be used for clinical diagnosis of diseases in a great potential.