With the development of mesoporous materials and biomedicine, hollow periodic mesoporous organosilicas (HPMOs), as a new type of mesoporous silicon material, stands out among many mesoporous materials because of its high specific surface area, high drug loading, good biocompatibility, multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid framework, low cytotoxicity and biodegradability. Drug delivery systems based on HPMOs have been continuously developed, it provides a new strategy for tumor treatment. This article summarized the synthetic progress of HPMOs in recent years, briefly introduced the types of HPMOs, mainly expounded the hard template method, liquid interface assembly method and interface recombination-transformation method, and summarized its application in tumor therapy. Finally, challenges and future development trends as a drug carrier were prospected, in order to provide reference for the preparation and application of HPMOs in tumor therapy.