In order to study the compressive properties of desert sand concrete (DSC) after high temperature, desert sand was used to replace medium sand with replacement rate of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (by mass) to make DSC. The effects of fire temperature and desert sand replacement rate (DSRR) on the rebound value, ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength of DSC were analyzed. The grey prediction strength model of DSC after high temperature was established. Ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method for measuring strength curve of DSC and formula of fire temperature were deduced. The results show that with the increase of fire temperature, the ignition loss rate of DSC increases gradually, specimen surface colour gradually changes from deep to shallow, and the compressive strength, rebound value, ultrasonic velocity of DSC increase first and then decrease. With the increase of DSRR, the rebound value and compressive strength of DSC increase first and then decrease. When DSRR is equal to 40%, the compressive strength and rebound value of DSC reach the maximum. The NSGM(1,3) model has excellent prediction performance with an average relative error of 8.6%, which can be used to predict the medium and long-term compressive strength of DSC after high temperature. The prediction accuracy of DSC ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method for measuring strength curve meets the requirements of specification.