The Mie scattering interference induced by aerosol on gas temperature retrieval and the errors of line width of the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) instrument function, scattering angle, gaseous bulk viscosity, and pressure are studied based on the spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectra of nitrogen simulated at the temperature of 298 K and pressure range of 20265.0-810600.0 Pa. The simulation results show that when the error of the instrument function line width is less than or equal to 5 MHz, the error of the scattering angle is less than or equal to 0.2°, bulk viscosity error is less than or equal to 0.2×10 -5 kg·m -1·s -1, and relative error in pressure is less than or equal to 3%, a maximum absolute temperature error of 1.7 K caused by the single parameter error may occur. When the relative intensity of the Mie scattering is 0.3-2.5, the temperature retrieval errors are usually lower than 2 K. In addition, the spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering experiment with a 90° scattering angle in nitrogen is performed at the temperature of 298 K and pressure range of 70927.5-709275.0 Pa. The temperature is retrieved according to the measured spectra after parameter optimization. The results show that the experimental results are in good agreement with those of the simulation. For simulation-based parameters with the same errors, the absolute temperature errors obtained by the experiment are lower than 1.2 K. This study is helpful in achieving the high-precision absolute measurements of gas temperature and accurate analysis of the gas state under different pressures.