The opto-electronic countermeasure is an important part of the electronic countermeasure. With the fast development of military opto-electronic equipments, the status of opto-electronic countermeasure becomes higher and its influence is more prominent. Firstly, the system of the opto-electronic countermeasure is discussed from the opto-electronic reconnaissance, opto-electronic jamming, opto-electronic anti-reconnaissance and opto-electronic anti-jamming. Then, combining the technology development with the typical battle, the development history of the opto-electronic countermeasure is introduced from the visible countermeasure, infrared countermeasure and laser countermeasure. Finally, the research focus and future trends in the field of opto-electronic countermeasure are summarized comprehensively. The research results are helpful for understanding and grasping the opto-electronic countermeasure technologies.