The concept of metamaterials is innovated to meet the requirements of efficient heat dissipation on spacecraft surfaces，and a novel idea of efficient optical heat dissipation materials with micro-nano structure based on the resonance effect is proposed.Based on the analyses on material component selection and physical property calculation，visible light high-reflection and infrared high-emission models suitable for the efficient heat dissipation in space are investigated and established.The results show that by synthesizing one-dimensional photonic crystals with two kinds of materials，i.e.，high and low refractive index materials，ultra-high reflectance can be achieved in a few film layers.When the diamond /NaF and GaP/NaF layers are superimposed，the average reflectance in the 250~2 500 nm band is 99.97% when the total number of layers is 71.A SiO₂ microsphere with the width diameter of 2~8 μm is designed to periodically align photonic crystals，the infrared emissivity of which is over 99% in the 250~2 500 nm band.The above two models are combined further.The obtained emissivity in the 3~15 μm band reaches 92%，and the obtained emissivity in the 8~15 μm band reaches 94%.The heat dissipation performance is significantly improved compared with the traditional thermal control coating.