The loss of non-renewable resources and the increasingly severe environmental problems have attracted much attention. It is thus important to develop and utilize renewable resources such as biomass energy and solar energy. The application of photocatalytic technology in biomass meets the requirement of social sustainable development. This review represented the research progress on the biomass-modified photocatalyst and biomass involved in photocatalytic reforming. The mechanism of biomass-modified photocatalytic materials engaging in the photocatalytic reaction was introduced. The effectiveness of biomass and biomass-derived substrates in photocatalytic reforming reaction systems was investigated. Some methods used for the preparation and characterization as well as the structure-activity relationship between biomass and the photocatalytic reaction system were discussed. In addition, some aspects and potential research prospects in the application of biomass in photocatalytic systems were also given.