Suspended particles are everywhere in ocean and play important roles in almost all ocean processes including physics, chemistry, biology and geology deposition, and ocean carbon cycle in particular. However, for a long time, current technology for in-situ observation and fine classification of marine micro-particles is still far from satisfactory. Polarized light scattering measurement is sensitive to the size, morphology, and subcellular microstructure of suspended particles. The measurement results can be used for quantitative characterization and fine classification of complex marine particulate structure characteristics and even the physiological state of marine organisms. Realizing in-situ dynamic monitoring of polarized light scattering has shown attractive application potential in the field of marine environmental monitoring. In this paper, we present a brief summary of current techniques for marine particle detections and a more detailed introduction on the principle, technique, and applications of polarized light scattering for the detection and fine classification of marine particles, followed by a discussion on future prospective of the fields.