Spectral analysis plays asignificant role onplant characteristic identification and mechanism recognition, there were many papers published on the aspects of absorption features in the spectra of chlorophyll andmoisture, spectral analysis onvegetation red edge effect, spectra profile feature extraction, spectra profile conversion, vegetation leaf structure and chemical composition impacts on the spectra in past years. However, fewer researches issued onspectral changes caused by plant seasonal changes oflife form, chlorophyll, leaf area index. This paper studied on spectral observationof 11 plantsof various life form, plant leaf structure and its size, phenological characteristics, they includedeciduous forest with broadvertical leaf, needleleafevergreen forest, needleleafdeciduous forest, deciduous forest with broadflat leaf, high shrub with big leaf, high shrub with little leaf, deciduous forest with broad little leaf, short shrub, meadow, steppe andgrass. Field spectral data were observed with SVC-HR768 (Spectra Vista company, USA), the band width covers 350～2 500 nm, spectral resolution reaches 1~4 nm. The features of NDVI, spectral maximum absorption depth in green band, and spectral maximumabsorption depth in red bandwere measured after continuum removal processing, the mean, amplitude andgradientof thesefeatures onseasonalchange profilewere analyzed, meanwhile, separability research on plant spectral feature of growth period and maturation period were compared. The paper presents a calculation method ofseparabilityof vegetation spectra which consider feature spatial distances. This index is carried on analysis of the vegetation discrimination. The results show that: the spectral featuresduring plant growth periodare easier to distinguish than them during maturation period. With the same features comparison, plant separabilityof growth period is 3 points higherthan it during maturation period. The overall separabilityof vegetation spectrumfeatures shows seasonal amplitude>seasonal gradient>seasonal mean during the growth period, but the separabilityof seasonal gradient shows highest value for the plant seasonal NDVI change. Therefore, the features of seasonal NDVI gradient, seasonal amplitude of maximumspectral absorption depth in green band, seasonal amplitude of maximumabsorption depthin red band are effective composition for plant discrimination.