To judge the aberration of optical system, a simulation of the shearing interference pattern of the aberration′s was presented. The relationship of aberration and interferogram was constituted, which is based on the aberration theory and shearing interferometry. Interference patterns of primary aberrations and secondary aberrations were simulated. The simulaton results showed that any primary or secondary aberration has its characteristic interference pattern, which can be used to judge the aberration. These results can provide evidence for judging which kinds of optical aberrations the optical systems have.