As the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire(OPGW) in a complex environment will be affected by environmental changes for a long time, and the optical fiber, metal single wire, grease and optical unit tube in the optical cable structure will be affected to varying degrees, eventually leading to power communication failure. A risk assessment method for OPGW optical cable status based on environmental parameters and principal component analysis is proposed. According to the environmental parameters collected by fiber grating sensors in overhead lines, subjective and objective weighting method and principal component analysis are used to evaluate the OPGW optical cable status and data analysis. The data analysis results show that this method can effectively reflect the operating status of OPGW optical cable.