Hardware selection and software programming in the communication design of electro-optic servo control system are analyzed and optimized. 16C554 asynchronous communication chips are used in hardware and the interruptions of CPU are reduced. RS422 communication mode is chosen to improve efficiency of serial ports and realize real-time control of servo control system. The functions and design processes of control software are analyzed. The problems in software design are put forward and relative solutions are given. According to the issues such as too long time consuming of data query and non-real time data process during communication design process, software programming methods of multi-serial port high rate data communication are introduced. The problem of circular wait is solved and high rate data communication of four road serial ports is realized.