A scheme for swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) based on wavelength-encoded endoscopic imaging is presented and demonstrated in theory. The main principles involved in the imaging scheme are analyzed in detail. The mathematical analysis of the interference signal pattern in terms of ‘temporal impulse response’ and ‘spectral response’ is conducted. The simulated interferograms of simple samples and the decode results by Morlet wavelet are presented. The system key parameters such as transverse imaging resolvable points,imaging ranges,resolutions are detailed discussed. It is found that the transverse resolution and depth resolution are affected by each other,and an effective method to improve the system resolutions is to enlarge the swept range of the swept source.