Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed to analyze Alpinia Katsumadai harvested from Hainan Baisha and Bawangling. The results from FT-IR indicated that the emergence of several characteristic absorption peaks around 1 051, 1 390, 2 976 and 3 300 cm-1 belong to flavonoids. In light of second derivative spectra, two similar peaks around 2 977.72 and 2 899.94 cm-1 and evident differences peaks around 1 922.36 and 1 650.87 cm-1 were observed, which was obvious to identify and distinguish Hainan Alpinia Katsumadai from different geographical regions. The method of UV spectroscopy were used to determine the different characteristic spectra of Alpinia Katsumadai harvested from Hainan Baisha and Bawangling. An UV-quantitative analysis method for alpinetin and cardamonin in Alpinia Katsumadai was established according to the relevant absorption principle. The results from fluorescence experiments revealed that both ethanol extracts of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata harvestd from Baisha and Bawangling have the similar fluorescence emission spectra and excitation spectra. The difference of fluorescence intensity once again demonstrated the concentration of ethanol extracts of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata harvestd from Baisha was bigger than that of Bawangling. The good relative recovery was in the range of 84.28%～117.41% with the RSDs (n=3) of 0.42%～0.29%. The content of alpinetin and cardamomin in Alpinia katsumadai from various habitats are 4.23% and 3.83% for Baisha, 3.72% and 3.34% for Baiwangling, respectively. Seventeen kinds of metal elements including K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn et al were determined by using microwave digestion-ICP-MS. Therefore, FT-IR combined with second derivative spectra was an express and comprehensive to analyze and evaluate the subtle difference among different habitats. It was also indicated that the method of UV-absorption spectroscopy was simple and reliable for identifing Alpinia katsumadai from differern geographical regions and cultivation batches, and determining qualitatively and quantitatively their main active components. The determination results of metal elements according to ICP-MS experiments will provide a theoretical foundation for the further development and utilization Alpinia katsumadai and enhancing the food danger consciousness.