In recent years, the research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has become one of the most exciting areas of nanoscience. Among two-dimensional material preparation methods, liquid phase exfoliating of bulk materials with layered structure to prepare two-dimensional materials has become a hot topic. Compared to the bottom-up methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the industrially scalable method of preparing 2D materials and their dispersions by peeling off the bulk layered materials allows simple, versatile and low-cost techniques. Here we mainly study the preparation of water-based graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and transition metal chalcogenide (TMDs) solutions with a low-cost and environmental-friendly method. The composition and surface topography of the resulting layered nanosheets have been characterized by Raman, atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Estimation of concentrations at different centrifugal speeds has been performed by ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy. Finally, cyclic voltammetry measurements were carried out to measure the volumetric capacitance of the ionic liquid in the presence of MoS2 nanosheets. The average lateral size of the two-dimensional material nanosheets is around 400 nm, and the measured volumetric capacitance of the ionic liquid is 1.21 F/cm3, which is the key parameter for the study of the electronic devices. Our findings pave the way for the potential electronic applications of the water-soluble 2D material nanosheets.