Mineral elements are one of the important indexes for quality evaluation of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which are closely related to the synthesis and play of the effective substances of Chinese medicinal materials. The content of mineral elements in TCM is affected by its germplasm, harvesting period, medicinal site, origin and other factors. Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma is one of the famous tonic herbs and medicine-food homology in China, and its mineral element content has attracted more and more attention. The contents of 4 major mineral elements and 8 trace mineral elements in different parts of three types of C. deserticola were analyzed by ICP-AES. The results show that: (1) K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Pb and Cd were all contained in the three types of C. deserticola, but the contents of different types were significantly different. The mineral element content of yellow flower type is lower than that of white and purple flower types. The contents of K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cu in the white flower types were higher than those in the purple flower types, while the contents of Zn, Cr and Cd were lower than those in the purple flower types. (2) There were significant differences in the distribution characteristics of 12 mineral elements in C. deserticola, and K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cu were mainly distributed in the upper part. (3) The ratios of mineral elements in different parts of deserticola were significantly different. K/Na of three types of deserticola were lower > middle > upper. The Mg/Fe ratio was the highest in the middle of purple and white flowers and the highest in the upper part of yellow flowers. The Zn/Mn ratio was the highest in the middle of purple and yellow flowers but the highest in the lower part of white flowers. Cu/Cr ratio was highest in the upper part of white and yellow flower types and highest in the middle of purple flower types. This study will provide data support for the breeding and quality control of C. deserticola.