Sapphire is a crystal material with a melting point of 2045℃. It has excellent high-temperature physical and chemical properties such as high strength, high heat resistance, and high corrosion resistance. The single crystal sapphire fiber can transmit optical signals in the ultra-high temperature environment over 1000℃. Optical fiber Fabry-Perot(F-P) sensors based on sapphire fiber is resistant to ultra-high temperature and intrinsically safe, and can be used in dangerous and harsh environments. In recent years, many scholars have carried out related research and developed sapphire fiber sensors for the measurement of temperature, pressure and vibration in ultra-high temperature environments. In this paper, the research progress of sapphire fiber F-P sensor was reviewed, and the work done by the optical fiber sensing and measurement technology research team of the school of optics and photonics of Beijing institute of technology on sapphire fiber sensing technology was introduced. Finally, the author analyzeed and summarized the research of sapphire fiber F-P sensor and give an outlook on its development trend.