ortex beam carries orbital angular momentum and exhibits a helical phase, with a Poynting vector oriented at an angle to the optical axis. The angular component of the vortex beam's Poynting vector causes a rotational Doppler effect, which allows direct measurement of rotational velocity. The linear and rotational Doppler effects of vortex light can be used to detect both linear and rotational velocities of an object, providing a comprehensive view of its compound motion. On this basis, the target is detected using the vortex light superimposed with different orbital angular momentum modes. These different orbital angular momentum modes cause different frequency shifts, which, when combined with the frequency shifts resulting from the linear Doppler effect, allow us to measure the specific velocity components of the compound motion. In this paper, we propose a measurement model for compound motion using superimposed vortex beams and analyze how different motion states affect the detection results.