The impact resistance and failure modes were assessed by impacting composite wall panels with a 2 040 g steel ball from heights of 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m and 2.5 m, respectively. While the test was being conducted, an ultra-high-speed camera recording 2 000 frames per second was used to provide footage. The impact resistance of lightweight steel-framed foamed concrete composite wall panels of different structures was evaluated. The results show that reinforcement methods such as steel wire mesh, fiber and fiberglass mesh enhance the impact resistance of lightweight steel-framed foamed concrete composite wall panels. The cracks appear in the three of composite wall panels when the impact height is 2.0 m, 20 m and 25 m, and the energy absorption ratio is 9780%, 9670% and 9657%， respectively. The lightweight steel-framed foamed concrete composite wall panels reinforced with fiberglass mesh provide better impact resistance. The lightweight steel-framed foamed concrete composite wall panels exhibit different levels of impact resistance according to their position on the surface. Compared to lightweight steel-framed area, the non-lightweight steel-framed area and the calcium silicate board have lower energy absorption ratios, which have better impact resistance.