With the continuous promotion of Chinese “double carbon” strategy, the application of green, low-carbon and environmental-friendly natural fiber in cement-based materials has become a research hotspot in the construction industry and received extensive attention. However, due to the poor mechanical properties, aging and weak adhesion of plant fiber, it is difficult to apply them directly to concrete matrix. This paper summarized the microstructure and properties of plant fiber, the influence of plant fiber on the macro properties of concrete, such as mechanical properties, durability and thermophysical properties, and the micro evolution mechanism of setting time, interface bonding and internal curing of plant fiber reinforced concrete. The methods of matrix modification and fiber modification in plant fiber reinforced concrete were discussed, and the mechanism of different methods was deeply understood, so as to seek more effective ways to improve the performance. Sisal fiber and bamboo fiber improve the performance of concrete and are most widely used. The sustainable development direction of plant fiber was prospected and some suggestions were put forward for further research on plant fiber reinforced concrete.