Because chaotic systems are unpredictable, ergodic and sensitive to initial values and parameters, they are often used in the field of encryption. To avoid the bad randomness of the random key generated by the low dimensional chaotic map system, a 5-dimensional multi-wing hyperchaotic system is adopted in this paper. The key stream generated by the chaotic system is related to the plaintext image. So it can effectively resist the attacks of selecting plaintext. The plaintext graph is decomposed into binary form by bit plane decomposition technique, and then these bit planes are divided into high and low groups. The designed control matrix is used to identify the specific scrambling mode, and each bit is permuted within and between groups. Finally, bit diffusion is used to change the pixel value of each pixel. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the algorithm has good encryption performance for image encryption.