In recent years, pulsed laser time-of-flight ranging (TOFR) has become a research hotspot topic in the field of laser ranging, which has been widely used in industrial precision measurement, robot autonomous motion, unmanned aerial vehicle control, and other fields. Due to the influences of background noise, electrical environment of measurement circuits, and rise time of echo pulses, the pulsed laser TOFR usually has certain errors, which causes the problem of distance measurement accuracy degradation. This paper firstly introduces the basic principle of pulsed laser TOFR technology, analyzes the formation causes of time-of-flight measurement errors in the pulsed laser TOFR process, and classifies the errors. Further, the various error compensation methods for time-of-flight measurement errors and the latest research results are sorted out, and finally, the current challenges of pulsed laser TOFR error compensation are summarized.