In order to study the effect of clay powder in manufactured sand on the properties of mortar and concrete, mortar and concrete were prepared by replacing manufactured sand with different mass ratios using montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite. The working performance, mechanical properties and durability of mortar and concrete with different types and content of clay powder were tested. And the effects of clay powder types and content on mortar hydration products and pore structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury pressure (MIP). The results show that the incorporation of different types and content of clay powder reduces the working performance of mortar and concrete to varying degrees. Illite and kaolinite improve the mechanical properties and durability of mortar and concrete at lower content, and have a negative impact at higher content. Montmorillonite reduces the mechanical properties and durability of mortar and concrete at lower content. The incorporation of clay powder does not significantly change the main hydration product types of mortar, and the porosity, average pore size and cumulative pore volume of mortar increase with the increase of clay powder content.