The Talbot effect from the spherical wave illuminating on two-dimensional (2D) grating is investigated theoretically and experimentally. First, the complex amplitude distribution of the light field in the Fresnel diffraction region after the spherical wave is illuminating on the grating is analyzed. Second, the imaging conditions of the Talbot image and fractional Talbot image are discussed. The imaging position and imaging period are determined by the distance from the light source to the grating and the distance from the grating to the observation surface, and the Talbot distance of the spherical wave incident grating is equal to the product of its periodic magnification and the Talbot distance of the plane wave incident grating. Experimental results are consistent with the theoretical results, and the clear Talbot image and fractional Talbot image can be observed at specific location. By changing the distance from the light source plane to the grating, the Talbot image changes according to a specific law. Because the grating period is less than twice the aperture side length and based on the divergent characteristics of the spherical wave itself, the pixel overlap phenomenon appears in the fractional Talbot image. According to the degree of overlap, the overlapped image can be divided into two types (discrete point distribution and checkerboard distribution) of fractional Talbot images. The research in this paper can promote the application of the Talbot effect in optical measurement and array lighting.