In this work, self-similar fiber laser amplification technology and nonlinear spectrum broadening are employed to overcome the gain limitation of the fiber. Using high-effectivity dispersion compensation, a high-quality pulse with the pulse width of 50 fs, average power of 30 W, central wavelength of 1030 nm, and repetition rate of 40 MHz, corresponding to a peak power of 17 MW, is realized. The system employs a saturable absorber for mode locking and chirped fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation in the cavity. In comparison with a chirped pulse amplification system, the proposed system has the advantages of simple and high integration. The stability and robustness of the proposed system are greatly improved through fiber thermal management technology and field programmable gate array (FPGA), which significantly promotes the applications of high-power femtosecond fiber lasers in many mainstream fields of sciences and technology.