During the dynamic process of sports mechanics, ballistics, etc., the three-dimensional (3D) surface distribution of the transient moving target is closely related to its structure, deformation, stress, erosion, etc. But the non-contact, multi-view and fast measurement for it is still not realized. In response to this problem, a hexagonal configuration of the measurement system which is based on structured light technology is designed and structured. By using three projectors-camera subsystems, the sinusoidal grating is projected onto the surface of the transient moving target instantaneously and simultaneously. The deformation patterns catched by high-speed CCD are then processed by the wavelet transform. Finally, the 3D surface distributions can be obtained. The experimental results indicate that the system is effective to achieve the non-contact, multi-view and fast measurement for the 3D surface distribution of the transient moving target.