Based on the liquefaction phenomenon of tailings under seismic load, this paper proposes a method to enhance the seismic liquefaction characteristics of tailings, namely basalt fiber reinforced tailings. In order to verify the anti-liquefaction effect and mechanism of fiber reinforced tailings, a series of dynamic tests were carried out on fiber reinforced tailings silt by using dynamic triaxial apparatus. The effects of fibers with different length (3， 6， 9， 12， 15， 18 mm) under the same mass fraction (0.3%) and different mass fraction (0.1%， 0.3%， 0.5%， 0.7%， 0.9%) under the same length (9 mm) on the anti-liquefaction performance of tailings were studied. The results show that fiber reinforced tailings can effectively improve the liquefaction resistance of tailings. In terms of enhancing the anti-liquefaction effect of tailings, the optimal fiber length and optimal content are 9 mm and 0.3%, respectively. Through SEM images, it is found that basalt fibers are filled in the pores and fissures of tailings particles, and they are entangled and wrapped with tailings particles. Even some of the wrapped fibers are bent and interwoven with each other to build a three-dimensional mesh “bridge” bond.