The employment of electromagnetic radiation signal is an important detection means in current lightning research, and the accuracy of its positioning results is very important to correctly understand the discharge mechanism of lightning. In this paper, the theoretical model of the Doppler effect on the array and on the localization result of the motion lightning source is built. The results show that the Doppler effect affects at different degrees on the lightning of different types, at different distances and heights. When the speed of the lightning source is different, the Doppler effect is different as well, and the errors cannot be negligible. This work is important for the motion lightning source localization at higher spatiotemporal resolution and the refined study of lightning.