The study of atmospheric temperature fields in the near space is of great scientific significance. According to the study of the radiation mechanism and distribution characteristics of the full-time atmospheric temperature tracer, oxygen, as one of the main components of the atmosphere, is widely distributed in the near space with obvious radiation intensity, so oxygen detection is an important basis for the study of temperature change in the near space. When the short-wave infrared part of solar radiation passes through the atmosphere, it is absorbed by oxygen molecules to obtain the oxygen absorption spectral line, which carries important information such as oxygen content. The oxygen spectral form obtained by the detector is used for high-precision inversion to obtain the temperature and other information. Due to the effects of solar zenith Angle, azimuth Angle, edge cutting height, and aerosol parameters on oxygen during the detection process, this paper analyzes oxygen sensitivity to different parameters based on the SCIATRAN model. Based on the SCIATRAN model, this paper will study the impact of environmental factors in the near space on oxygen detection and analyze and calculate the sensitivity of oxygen to the changes in radiation brightness caused by detection methods and environmental factors. The results show that the radiation brightness of oxygen increases with the zenith Angle below 60°, but the change is opposite when the zenith Angle exceeds 60°. The influence of solar zenith Angle on the radiation brightness of oxygen in one day is less than 0.01 W/m²/nm/sr, and the difference is less than 7%. Oxygen radiance decreases with the increase of azimuth Angle; the oxygen radiation brightness decreases as the tangent height increases, and the magnitude of the decrease gradually decreases. The difference ratio of aerosol type to oxygen radiation brightness is less than 10%. The influence of aerosol season on oxygen radiation intensity is greater in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. Under different aerosol types, the difference ratio of aerosol optical thickness multiples on the oxygen radiation brightness is less than 30%. The optical thickness multiples are proportional to the radiation brightness under rural and Marine aerosols. Still, the opposite is true under urban aerosols. The study also compares the simulation data with the measured data to verify the validity and feasibility of the simulation data of the SCIATRAN model. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for oxygen detection in near space and a reference for the inversion of near space and other related research fields.