Biological detection is a common method in biomedicine based on the change of specific biological activity of cytokines. It is mainly applied in biomedicine, agriculture and forestry, etc., and plays an important role in the study of medical pathology and the law of crop diseases. Traditional detection methods mainly make judgments by observing the reaction of test samples to different chemical reagents. Although the detection accuracy is high, problems include cumbersome operation and long detection cycle. Hyperspectral imaging technology combines optical imaging and spectral analysis, which can simultaneously obtain the image data and spectral information of the detected samples. The image data in hyperspectral images reflect the samples external characteristics and surface texture, while the spectral information can analyze detected samples the internal physical structure and chemical composition. Micro-hyperspectral imaging technology is a fast, nondestructive and accurate optical imaging analysis technology that combines hyperspectral imaging technology with the biological microscope to analyze the detected samples by observing the microscopic worlds image data and spectral information. In recent years, because of its high resolution and continuous data, microscopic hyperspectral imaging has attracted more and more attention in biological detection and has become one of the important means of biological detection. Based on the basic principle of spectral imaging, data processing and application of biological detection, this paper reviews the research status of microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology in biological detection in recent ten years. It puts forward some problems existing in the research process of microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology based on summarizing the research achievements. The future development trend of microhyperspectral imaging in biological detection prospects to provide a reference for the research and application of microhyperspectral imaging in biological detection.