In recent years, research concerning layered double hydroxides (LDHs) topological transformation materials in the field of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, such as hydrogen production, and chemical transformation of C1 species, has been widely reported. Research shows that not only the dispersion of active site can be improved, but also phase composition, specific crystal plane and interface structure can be regulated by selecting different calcination temperature, atmosphere and other topological transformation conditions. This kind of materials thus exhibits superior performance in catalytic conversion and utilization of various energy sources. In this review, we will introduce the process and mechanism of LDHs topological transformation, and then review the research progress of LDHs topological transformation materials in energy catalysis from the aspects of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.