Two silica host magnesium(Mg)-aluminum(Al)-germanium(Ge) co-doped erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) have been fabricated, which have different Mg concentrations. The concentration of all the compositions in the preform is measured through electronics probe micro analysis (EPMA). The maximum Mg concentrations of fibers A and B are 3.98 and 1.28 mol%, respectively. The performance characteristics including absorption spectrum and gain are measured and analyzed. The absorption coefficients of fibers A and B are 13.3 and 14.3 dB/m respectively at wavelength of 1532 nm. The max gains of these two erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are 30.1 and 35.9 dB with input signal power of -30 dBm and pump power of 100 mW at 980 nm. Fiber B with maximum Mg concentration 1.28 mol% has better performance than fiber A. Fiber B has high absorption coefficient and high gain characteristics. The optimum fiber B length of C-band EDFA is 7 m and that of L-Band EDFA is about 30 m, which is much shorter than standard commercial EDFAs. The result of experiments showed that a few Mg added to silica host EDF can increase the concentration of erbium ions, which will shorten the EDF length much, but not degrade the performance characteristics.