For the study of spatial and temporal distribution of marine atmospheric aerosol number density and particle size distribution characteristics, the atmospheric aerosol particles size distribution, atmospheric temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed etc were surveyed, from August 2014 to March 2016, by using an optical particle counter and automatic meteorological station in Maoming seaside, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, Sanya coastal waters and the Pacific and the Indian Ocean waters respectively. The aerosol spectral distribution in different areas under different meteorological conditions were statistically analyzed and fitted. The results show that the marine atmospheric aerosol particle size distribution is composed of a fine mode and a middle mode, but offshore sea particle number density is greater than that of open sea. The open sea particle size distribution keep steady, the sea surface wind is the main reason of the change of the aerosol number density. In the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the particle size distribution was divided into two sections, the exponential distribution of Junge spectrum was used to describe the section less than 0.5 micrometer, the logarithmic normal distribution was used to describe 0.5 to 4 micrometer section. The extinction coefficient of marine atmospheric aerosol increased obviously under the strong winds, and the extinction characteristics from 1 to 3 micrometer were not affected by wavelength.