Acquisition speed and accuracy of satellite signal directly affect the working performance of software Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Aiming at the problem that the existing acquisition methods of satellite signals cannot achieve fast and accurate acquisition of GPS signals, the paper proposes a high-precision and fast acquisition method of GPS satellite signals based on blind separation. Firstly, the wavelet threshold algorithm is used to denoise the original signal of GPS satellite in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of satellite signal. Then the doppler effect frequency and phase of GPS satellite signal are solved by the proposed blind separation method based on subspace estimation algorithm to recover the unobserved source signals. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could accurately capture real satellite signals. Simulation results indicate that compared with the traditional algorithm, the acquisition algorithm in this paper is more suitable for the acquisition of weak signals, which shows that the algorithm has a better engineering application value.