Due to the complex optical path, it is difficult to ensure the multi-optical axis consistency of the compound laser communication system that includes functions of nutation, adaptive optics, and fine tracking when the environment temperature changes, which leads to the drifts of wavefront correction benchmark and tracking zero position and seriously affects the establishment of communication links. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs an integrated system, proposes a method for analyzing the multi-optical axis consistency of the complex optical path, and establishes an error propagation model of multiple reflective mirrors. After calculation, it is found that when the environment temperature ranges from 10 ℃ to 30 ℃, the coaxial errors between the fine tracking path and the communication path, between the communication launching path and the communication receiving path, and between the fine tracking path and the adaptive optics path are less than 143.77 μrad, 27.38 μrad, and 131.66 μrad, respectively. The 30 ℃ temperature adjustment experiment is carried out in the laboratory, and the experimental results show that the error between the actual and simulated deflection angles of the optical axis is less than 13%. Furthermore, a laser communication experiment (at 28 ℃) with a linear distance of 1 km between buildings is carried out to realize stable communication.